Words by Fiona Kettle-Muspratt. Fiona is a peripatetic ESL teacher in the Gold Coast region of the state of Queensland in Australia. She works with all levels of ESL students (new arrivals through to extension) from Year 1-7 in groups from 4 to 10. Tim is a 12-year-old ESL student. Here are three …
Pronouns can stand in place of things and, in that way, provide a tool for making a text cohesive. But, we can have other words stand in for things and often we can completely omit words, too, and these also help make a text cohesive. Substitution Substitution is the use of words such as ‘one’ and …
Words by Daniele Sinniger, EAL Teacher at IPS Hilversum. IPS Hilversum is an international primary school that offers the International Baccalaureate (IB) PYP ( Primary Years Programme) curriculum. IPS Hilversum is also part of the Dutch International Primary School Association (DIPS), which …
